tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60831745531375741652024-02-08T02:51:39.807-08:00IRMA AFRILIANDAAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635585289093639635noreply@blogger.comBlogger6125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6083174553137574165.post-52388004828729708962016-10-17T05:16:00.002-07:002016-10-17T05:16:58.561-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>HAFIZA ELFIRA<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Pada kesempatan ini saya akan
membahas kisah sukses seorang sosial entrepreneur muda yang buat saya sangat
menginspirasi. Hafiza Elfira, gadis muda cantik berusia 26 tahun ini seorang
mahasiswi Universitas Indonesia. Ia adalah seorang pendiri Nalacity Foundation,
sebuah program sosial yang terbentuk melalui Indonesia Leadership Development
Program (ILDP) UI. Berkembang mulai dari projek sosial hingga projek
kewirausahaan sosial yang bertujuan memberdayakan masyarakat marjinal
penyandang difabel, agar kehidupan yang mereka miliki jauh lebih baik dan
mandiri.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Sosial projek yang digagas Fiza
(panggilan hafiza Elfira) tidaklah mudah dilakukan karena pada awalnya banyak
warga yang belum tertarik. Fiza harus mengubah mindset bahwa berusaha dan
menghasilkan karya yang bagus akan membangun kondisi finansial yang lebih baik
untuk warganya. Warga yang dibina Fiza ini adalah penderita kusta, yang awalnya
haya hidup bergantung dengan rasa belas kasih orang lain, dan itu menjadikan
semangat hidup mereka cukup rendah. Fiza mengandalkan kemampuan bisnisnya untuk
membekali ibu – ibu penderita kusta dengan berbagai keterampilan menjahit manik
– manik pada jilbab. Dengan ketelatenan yang dimilikinya Fiza mendapatkan omset
penjualan hingga ratusan juta perbulannya.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Setelah projek sosial yang
digagasnya telah berada dititik nyaman, Fiza berusaha mencoba mengembangkan
usahanya dan sangat berhasil. Fiza telah mampu menjadikan ibu – ibu bekas
penderita kusta menjadi manusia – manusia yang mandiri dan mampu berkarya. Fiza
memanfaatkan media online dan sosial media sebagai sarana untuk memasarkan
produk – produk nalacity foundation tersebut. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Karena tujuan awal ini adalah
kegiatan sosial jadi meskipun sekarang terbilang sudah sukses, tetap saja
mereka tidak lupa tujuan besar mereka yaitu memberdayakan masyarakat marjinal
penyandang difabel untuk mendapatkan penghidupan yang lebih baik dan mandiri. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Salah satu kesulitan Fiza dalam
kegiatan ini adalah mengubah mindset ibu – ibu OYPMK , karena sebelumnya mereka
hanya mengandalkan dari pemberian orang lain. Namun usaha nalacity foundation
sekarang tidak sia – sia karena mereka berhasil memberikan angin segar kepada
penderita kusta yang tadinya hanya sekedar menerima pemberian orang lain.
Sekarang bisa menjadi orang – orang yang mau berusaha, belajar mandiri, dan
menghasilkan karya yang dihargai oleh masyarakat luas.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Selaku Co Founder sekaligus
Director of Nalacity Foundation, Fiza mengaku mendapat inspirasi tersebut dari
berbagai macam social entrepreneur Indonesia yang sudah lebih dulu membuat
program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang juga telah sukses tersebut. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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Buat saya kisah sukses Fiza ini
sangat menginspirasi dan dapat memberikan semangat bagi anak – anak muda untuk
dapat mengembangkan potensi diri, terus berkarya, menuangkan ide – ide kreatif,
sehingga bisa menjadi entrepreneur muda yang dapat memberikan manfaat bagi
masyarakat luas.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635585289093639635noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6083174553137574165.post-76771036165490274242016-09-22T00:37:00.002-07:002016-09-22T00:37:37.515-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
DIMULAI DARI TERKECIL, DIMULAI DARI DIRI SENDIRI, DAN DIMULAI DARI SAAT INI</div>
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<br /></div>
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ini adalah pengalaman yang saya alami sendiri. saat itu saya menjadi seorang karyawan disuatu perusahaan. lalu saya berfikir setelah sekian lama bekerja tidaklah saya menjadi apa - apa kecuali masih menjadi seorang pekerja yang bekerja untuk memajukan sebuah perusahaan milik orang lain. ketika perusahaan itu menjadi maju dan berkembng tetaplah saya masih menjadi seorang karyawan, yang berkembang dan mendapat keuntungan adalah pemilik perusahaan. disitulah jalan hidup saya dimulai, saya putuskan berhenti bekerja dan saya membuka sebuah perusahaan sendiri yang bergerak dibidang event organizer. saya tidak lagi bekerja untuk perusahaan milik orang lain namun sekarang saya bekerja untuk perusahaan saya sendiri. saya merasa jika tidak saat ini lalu kapan saya akan mulai mandiri </div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Auguste Comte</span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sosiologi Positivis</span></strong><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
sangat prihatin terhadap anarkisme yang merasuki masyarakat saat berlangsungnya
Revolusi Perancis. Oleh karena itu Comte kemudian mengembangkan pandangan
ilmiahnya yakni <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">positivisme</span></strong> atau <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">filsafat sosial</span></strong> untuk menandingi
pemikiran yang dianggap filsafat negatif dan destruktif. Positivisme mengklaim
telah membangun teori-teori ilmiah tentang masyarakat melalui pengamatan dan
percobaan untuk kemudian mendemonstrasikan hukum-hukum perkembangan sosial.
Aliran positivis percaya akan kesatuan metode ilmiah akan mampu mengukur secara
objektif mengenai struktur sosial.</div>
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Sebagai usahanya, Comte
mengembangkan <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">fisika sosial</span></strong> atau juga disebutnya sebagai <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sosiolog</span></strong>i.
Comte berupaya agar sosiologi meniru model ilmu alam agar motivasi manusia
benar-benar dapat dipelajari sebagaimana layaknya fisika atau kimia. Ilmu baru
ini akhirnya menjadi ilmu dominan yang mempelajari <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">statika sosial</span></strong>
(struktur sosial) dan <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">dinamika sosial</span></strong> (perubahan sosial).</div>
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Comte percaya bahwa pendekatan
ilmiah untuk memahami masyarakat akan membawa pada kemajuan kehidupan sosial
yang lebih baik. Ini didasari pada gagasannya tentang <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Teori Tiga Tahap
Perkembangan Masyarakat</span></strong>, yaitu bahwa masyarakat berkembang
secara evolusioner dari tahap <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">teologis </span></strong>(percaya terhadap kekuatan
dewa), melalui tahap <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">metafisik </span></strong>(percaya pada kekuatan abstrak), hingga tahap <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">positivistik</span></strong>
(percaya terhadap ilmu sains). Pandangan evolusioner ini mengasumsikan bahwa
masyarakat, seperti halnya organisme, berkembang dari sederhana menjadi rumit.
Dengan demikian, melalui sosiologi diharapkan mampu mempercepat positivisme
yang membawa ketertiban pada kehidupan sosial.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635585289093639635noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6083174553137574165.post-48403613603889627132015-05-24T02:10:00.002-07:002015-05-24T02:10:10.779-07:00Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Friedrich
Wilhelm Nietzsche</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KEHIDUPAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ia merupakan seorang
putra dari pendeta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran" title="Lutheran"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Lutheran</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Ludwig_Nietzsche&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Carl Ludwig Nietzsche (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Carl Ludwig Nietzsche</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1813" title="1813"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1813</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1849</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">) dan Franziska. Ia memiliki nama
lajang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oehler&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Oehler (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Oehler</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1826" title="1826"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1826</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897" title="1897"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1897</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">). Ia diberi nama tersebut untuk
menghormati kaisar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prusia" title="Prusia"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Prusia</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_IV" title="Friedrich Wilhelm IV"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Friedrich
Wilhelm IV</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> yang memiliki tanggal lahir yang sama. Adik
perempuannya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_F%C3%B6rster-Nietzsche" title="Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Elisabeth</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> dilahirkan pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1846" title="1846"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1846</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Setelah kematian ayahnya pada
tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1849</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">
serta adik laki-lakinya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Joseph&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ludwig Joseph (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ludwig Joseph</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848" title="1848"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1848</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850" title="1850"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1850</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">), keluarga ini pindah ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naumburg&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naumburg (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Naumburg</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> dekat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saale&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Saale (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Saale</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pada tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1858" title="1858"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1858</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">, Nietzsche masuk sekolah arama
di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pforta&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pforta (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Pforta</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> dan memperoleh nilai tinggi
dalam bidang agama, sastra </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Jerman</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">
dan zaman klasik. Setelah lulus dari Pforta, pada tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1864</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> ia belajar di Universitas Bonn
bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teologi" title="Teologi"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">teologi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">
dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filologi" title="Filologi"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">filologi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">
klasik. Sayangnya, hanya setahun ia belajar di sana dan kemudian pindah ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Leipzig</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">.
Tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1869" title="1869"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1869</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1879" title="1879"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1879</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> ia dipanggil Universitas Basel
untuk mengajar filologi dan setelah itu ia terpaksa pensiun dengan alasan
kesehatan. Kehidupan produktif Nietzsche berlangsung hingga tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889" title="1889"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1889</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">, hingga pada akhirnya tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1900</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> ia meninggal</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> karena penyakit kelamin yang
dideritanya. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FILOSOFI</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Filsafat Nietzsche
adalah filsafat cara memandang 'kebenaran' atau dikenal dengan istilah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">filsafat</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perspektivisme&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Perspektivisme (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">perspektivisme</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Nietzsche juga
dikenal sebagai "<b>sang pembunuh </b></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhan" title="Tuhan"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Tuhan</span></b></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">"
(dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Also_sprach_Zarathustra" title="Also sprach Zarathustra"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Also sprach Zarathustra</span></i></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">). Ia memprovokasi
dan mengkritik kebudayaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barat" title="Barat"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Barat</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> di
zamannya (dengan peninjauan ulang semua nilai dan tradisi atau <i>Umwertung
aller Werten</i>) yang sebagian besar dipengaruhi oleh pemikiran </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato" title="Plato"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Plato</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisi" title="Tradisi"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tradisi</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kekristenan</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">
(keduanya mengacu kepada paradigma kehidupan setelah kematian, sehingga
menurutnya anti dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pesimis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pesimis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">pesimis</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> terhadap kehidupan).
Walaupun demikian dengan kematian Tuhan berikut paradigma kehidupan setelah
kematian tersebut, filosofi Nietzsche tidak menjadi sebuah filosofi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">nihilisme</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">.
Justru sebaliknya yaitu sebuah filosofi untuk menaklukan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">nihilisme</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> (<i>Überwindung
der Nihilismus</i>) dengan mencintai utuh kehidupan (<i>Lebensbejahung</i>),
dan memposisikan manusia sebagai manusia purna </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cbermensch" title="Übermensch"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Übermensch</span></i></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">
dengan kehendak untuk berkuasa (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Wille_zur_Macht" title="Der Wille zur Macht"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">der Wille zur
Macht</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">).</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Selain itu Nietzsche
dikenal sebagai filsuf seniman (<i>Künstlerphilosoph</i>) dan banyak mengilhami
pelukis modern Eropa di awal abad ke-20, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Franz Marc</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Francis Bacon</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">,dan
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Giorgio de
Chirico</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">, juga para penulis seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Robert Musil</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">,
dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Thomas Mann</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">.
Menurut Nietzsche kegiatan seni adalah kegiatan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafisik" title="Metafisik"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">metafisik</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">
yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mentransformasikan tragedi hidup.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KARYA</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Karya-karya Nietszche yang terpenting adalah:</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872" title="1872"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1872</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>Die Geburt der Tragödie</i>
(Kelahiran tragedi)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1873</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">—</span><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876" title="1876"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1876</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>Unzeitgemässe
Betrachtungen</i> (Pandangan non-kontemporer)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1878</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">—</span><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880" title="1880"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1880</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: Menschliches,
Allzumenschliches <i>(Manusiawi, terlalu manusiawi)</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881" title="1881"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1881</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>Morgenröthe</i> (Merahnya
pagi)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1882" title="1882"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1882</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>Die fröhliche Wissenschaft</i>
(Ilmu yang gembira)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883" title="1883"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1883</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">—</span><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1885" title="1885"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1885</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: </span><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Also_sprach_Zarathustra" title="Also sprach Zarathustra"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Also sprach Zarathustra</span></i></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (Maka berbicaralah
Zarathustra)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1886" title="1886"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1886</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>Jenseits von Gut und Böse</i>
(Melampaui kebajikan dan kejahatan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1887" title="1887"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1887</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>Zur Genealogie der Moral</i>
(Mengenai silsilah moral)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888" title="1888"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1888</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>Der Fall Wagner</i> (Hal
perihal Wagner)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889" title="1889"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1889</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>Götzen-Dämmerung</i>
(Menutupi berhala)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889" title="1889"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1889</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>Der Antichrist</i> (Sang
Antikristus)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889" title="1889"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1889</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: </span><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecce_Homo" title="Ecce Homo"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ecce
Homo</span></i></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (Lihat
sang Manusia)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-themecolor: text1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889" title="1889"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1889</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>Dionysos-Dithyramben</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889" title="1889"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1889</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">: <i>Nietzsche contra W</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">agner</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">PEMIKIRAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Friedrich
Nietzsche lahir pada 1844, dan meninggal pada 1900. Ia adalah seorang filsuf
Jerman di akhir abad ke-19, dan dikenal sebagai seorang pemikir yang melakukan
serangan terhadap Kristianitas dan moralitas tradisional di Eropa pada
jamannya. Fokus filsafatnya adalah pengembangan diri manusia semaksimal
mungkin, dan analisis kebudayaan di jamannya. Ia menekankan sikap menerima dan
merayakan kehidupan, kreativitas, kekuasaan, segala kontradiksi, serta
absurditas hidup manusia. Ia menolak untuk mengakui adanya dunia lain di luar
dunia ini. Ide paling penting di dalam filsafat Nietzsche, menurut saya, adalah
ide penerimaan pada hidup. Konsekuensinya semua ajaran dan pemikiran di dalam
peradaban manusia yang menolak kehidupan ditolak olehnya. Dengan pemikirannya
ini ia memberikan inspirasi besar bagi para penyair, psikolog, filsuf,
sosiolog, artis, dan para pemikir progresif di kemudian hari.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KEHENDAK UNTUK BERKUASA</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konsep
kehendak untuk berkuasa adalah salah satu konsep yang paling banyak menarik
perhatian dari pemikiran Nietzsche. Dengan konsep ini ia bisa dikategorikan
sebagai seorang pemikir naturalistik (<i>naturalistic thinker</i>), yakni yang
melihat manusia tidak lebih dari sekedar insting-insting alamiahnya (<i>natural
instincts</i>) yang mirip dengan hewan, maupun mahluk hidup lainnya. Nietzsche
dengan jelas menyatakan penolakannya pada berbagai konsep filsafat tradisional,
seperti kehendak bebas (<i>free will</i>), substansi (<i>substance)</i>,
kesatuan, jiwa, dan sebagainya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">untuk lebih lanjut mengenai ajarannya, silahkan lihat di :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3O94vQzofjDNkNGRW9YQ2ZFQnM&authuser=0"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Friedrich </span>Wilhelm Nietzsche</a></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635585289093639635noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6083174553137574165.post-89500420625366906602015-04-25T22:51:00.001-07:002015-04-25T22:55:00.725-07:00Arthur Schopenhauer<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt;">Arthur Schopenhauer</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Oleh : Irma Afrilianda</b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Arthur
Schopenhauer lahir di Danzig pada Tahun 1788 dari keturunan orang kaya Jerman
dan keluarga Bangsawan. Tahun 1793, keluarganya pindah ke Humburg ketika
kerajaan Prussia menguasai Kota Danzig. Tahun 1805, Ayahnya bunuh diri dan
Ibunya pindah ke Weimar untuk melanjutkan karirnya sebagai penulis. Setahun
kemudian Arthur Schopenhauer meninggalkan bisnis keluarganya di Humburg, untuk
tinggal bersama Ibunya di Weimar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
Tahun 1809, Schopenhauer menjadi seorang Mahasiswa di Universitas Gottingen
untuk mempelajari Metafisika dan Psikologi. Lalu Tahun 1811 sampai 1812
Schopenhauer mengikuti kuliah Dai Johann Gottlieb Fiechte, seorang Filsuf Post
Kant terkemuka dan dari seorang Teolog Friedrich Schleimachher. Tahun 1813,
Shopenhauer tinggal di Berlin dan Tahun 1833 saat Shopenhauer berusia 27 Tahun
dia menetap di Frankfrut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemikiran
yang paling menonjol dari seorang Schopenhauer adalah Senilia. Judul ini
diterbitkan sebagai penghargaan kepadanya. Pemikiran Schopenhauer banyak
dipengaruhi oleh pandangan Budha dan Kant.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imanuel
Kant menyatakan bahwa pengetahuan manusia terbatas pada bidang penampakan atau
fenomena sehingga benda pada dirinya sendiri tidak pernah bisa diketahui
manusia. Misalnya apa yang diketahui manusia tentang pohon bukanlah pohon itu
sendiri, melainkan gagasan orang tentang pohon. Lalu Schopenhauer mengembangkan
pemikiran Kant tersebut dengan menyatakan bahwa benda pada dirinya sendiri itu
bisa diketahui, yakni “Kehendak” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tahun
1833 Schopenhauer hidup sebagai bujang kaya hasil dari warisan orang tuanya.
Dia menulis buku pertamanya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“On the
Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason”</i>. Schopenhauer banyak
menerbitkan tulisan , namun tidak laku dijual sehingga dia sendirilah yang
membeli buku karya tulisannya untuk disimpan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beberapa
tahun sebelum meninggal barulah Schopenhauer mulai terkenal. Buku yang
disimpannya itu diedarkannya. Schopenhauer selalu hidup sendiri, rencana
pernikahannya selalu gagal. Dia merasa hidup dengan banyak orang memuakkan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan membuang waktu baginya. Dia mengejek kaum
wanita sebagai “para karikatur” </span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635585289093639635noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6083174553137574165.post-39736799728966125382015-04-11T19:55:00.003-07:002015-04-11T19:55:53.994-07:00RENE DESCRATES<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">AKU
BERPIKIR MAKA AKU ADA</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh : Irma Afrilianda</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebuah
ungkapan yang kita kenal dari seorang Descrates “Aku berpikir maka aku ada”
terdengar sangat sederhana namun sulit untuk kita pahami. Namun sebenarnya
ungkapan ini mengandung makna yang sangat dalam. Manusia pada dasarnya adalah
makhluk yang berbeda dari makhluk lainnya. Manusia diberi akal untuk berpikir,
sedangkan makhluk lainnya tidak. Maka berpikir itu adalah sebuah identitas yang
melekat pada manusia. Dengan kita berpikir maka sesuatu yang tidak ada bisa
menjadi ada. </span></span></h3>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></h3>
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
saya yang di maksud Rene Decrates pada ungkapan diatas adalah bahwa segala
sesuatu yang ada itu tercipta dari hasil berpikir. Pada zaman dahulu mungkin
semuanya tidak secanggih seperti zaman sekarang. Namun karena manusia itu
sendiri berpikir maka terciptalah sesuatu yang tidak ada menjadi ada.
Perkembangan zaman ini lah akibat dari sebuah proses berpikir. Dulu tidak ada
mobil, namun manusia berpikir bagaimana cara untuk menempuh jarak jauh dalam
waktu singkat maka adanya sebuah mobil. Dulu juga tidak ada handphone, sekarang
hampir semua orang menggunakan handphone bahkan handphone sudah menjadi suatu
benda yang wajib dimiliki. Begitu juga pada alat – alat modern lainnya yang
sekarang selalu kita gunakan sehari – hari. Semua itu ada dari hasil berpikir
manusia akan memenuhi kemudahan dalam mencapai sebuah kebutuhannya. Dulu tidak
ada dan sekarang menjadi ada. Itulah mengapa ungkapan “Aku berpikir maka aku
ada” yang dimaksud dari seorang Descrates.</span></span></h3>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></h3>
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika
kita mencoba mendalami maksud dari ungkapan diatas, dalam hal ini Descrates
ingin memberikan semangat atau dorongan kepada setiap manusia agar selalu
berpikir karena berpikir memungkinkan kita untuk memperoleh pengetahuan –
pengetahuan yang lebih baru.</span></span></h3>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></h3>
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
Rene Descartes bahwa semuanya tidak ada yang pasti, kecuali kenyataan bahwa
seseorang bisa berpikir, yang artinya “Aku berpikir maka aku ada.” Maksud dari
pernyataan seperti itu adalah membuktikan bahwa satu – satunya hal yang pasti
di dunia ini adalah keberadaan seseorang itu sendiri. Keberadaan itu bisa
ditunjukkan dengan fakta bahwa ia bisa berpikir sendiri. Descrates ingin
mencari kebenaran dengan pertama – tama meragukan semua hal. Dia meragukan
keberadaan benda – benda di sekelilingnya, bahkan keberadaan dirinya sendiri. </span></span></h3>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></h3>
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Namun
Descrates berpikir bahwa dengan cara meragukan semua hal termasuk dirinya
sendiri, dia telah membersihkan dirinya dari segala prasangka yang mungkin
menuntunnya ke jalan yang salah. Dia takut bahwa mungkin saja berpikir
sebenarnya tidak membawanya menuju kebenaran. Mungkin juga bahwa pikiran
manusia pada hakikatnya tidak membawa manusia pada kebenaran tapi justru
sebaliknya membawa manusia pada kesalahan yang artinya ada semacam kekuatan
tertentu yang lebih besar dari dirinya yang mengontrol pikirannya dan selalu
mengarahkan pikirannya ke jalan yang salah.</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Descrates
tiba – tiba sadar bahwa bagaimanapun pikiran mengarahkan dirinya kepada
kesalahan namun tetap berpikir. Inilah satu – satunya yang jelas, inilah satu –
satunya yang tidak mungkin salah. Maksudnya tidak mungkin kekuatan tadi membuat
kalimat “ketika berpikir, sayalah yang berpikir” salah. Dengan demikian,
Descrates sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa ketika dia berpikir maka dia ada.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></h3>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635585289093639635noreply@blogger.com0